In international shipping, Charterers (such as the carrier and the charterer) often apply to the relevant appraisal agency for the inspection of the ship for the inspection of the starting (onhi re) and returning (offhi re) in order to confirm the relevant conditions of the ship and form a detailed record; identify the quantity of heavy diesel oil and light diesel oil, and require a legally effective report or As one of the certificates of handover and settlement when the ship charterer establishes or cancels the Charter relationship.

Most of the starting and returning charters occur before the ship is loaded or after the ship is unloaded, so the inspection and quarantine departments of each port have the opportunity to get such applications. In fact, more and more inspection and quarantine departments have carried out this new identification project, and obtained considerable economic benefits.

1、 Vessel 'sconditionorhold' sconditionsurvey

1. Basic contents of ship condition appraisal

Ship condition identification is to identify the condition of the ship. The appraisal of ship conditions from and after chartering is usually to investigate, record and issue a report on the conditions of the warehouses and relevant parts of the deck that are prone to new damage when loading and unloading the cargo during the charter period, so as to serve as the evidence for the charterer and the owner in the future economic settlement and prevent unnecessary disputes. There is also a special case of ship condition appraisal which is different from the ship condition appraisal of the starting and returning charters, that is, in addition to the appraisal of the relevant parts of the cargo hold and deck, the overall condition of the ship shall also be appraised, including the inspection of the main engine and other main mechanical equipment of the ship. In fact, this kind of inspection and appraisal includes not only the certification of the ship's relevant conditions, but also the confirmation of the ship's seaworthiness and loadability. The English name is "s EAW o r t hi NES s".

2. Basic principles of ship condition appraisal

It is precisely because the identification of ship condition is directly related to the division of responsibilities of the charterer and the shipowner, and even to the economic interests of both parties, so the ship

Condition identification must be carried out on the principle of justice, detail and accuracy. Charterers have different hopes for the contents of the appraisal report from different perspectives. But as appraisers, we must be careful, conscientious and realistic. We must never lose justice or damage our reputation for the sake of temporary economic interests. Detailed and accurate is an important principle that we must always implement in our work. A good appraisal report can make applicants who are thousands of miles away know the ship's condition as if they are on the spot. During the inspection, all parts of the ship shall be carefully inspected and detailed and accurate description and record shall be made. For example, detailed survey and record shall be made for the handrail, lifting platform and suspender of deck part, hatch, hatch cover, bilge, bulkhead, manhole and ladder of cargo hold part.

3. Similarities and differences between cabin condition appraisal and cabin inspection

The identification of cabin condition is similar to that of the traditional inspection Cabin: they take the cabin as the inspection object and evaluate its condition; the inspection methods are mainly carried out through the sense organs of the appraiser, and the inspection should be carried out by the experienced appraiser. However, there is a very obvious difference between the two: the inspection is mainly to inspect the cargo suitability or the condition after unloading, that is, to determine whether the cargo holds are suitable for carrying the goods, so as to ensure the safety of the goods, whether the goods arrive at the destination port without damage or whether the goods are unloaded completely. The assessment of cabin condition is an objective and accurate determination of cabin condition (old and new degree, damaged part and degree), so as to ensure the smooth handover of Charterers. The previous inspection report always embodies the principle of simplicity and conciseness, and the whole certificate is short and concise. However, the ship condition certificate needs to be detailed and accurate, and often dozens of photos need to be distributed, so it is not surprising that a ship condition appraisal report has more than ten pages or dozens of pages.

2、 Bunker Su r vey

1. Basic contents of oil storage identification

Oil storage appraisal refers to the appraisal and confirmation of the quantity of heavy diesel oil and light diesel oil at the time of starting or returning the Charter, and the issuance of appraisal report. The charterer can calculate the fuel consumption of the ship during the charter period according to the report on the start and return of the Charter and the fuel certificate during the charter period, and make settlement on this basis. However, in today's shipping industry, ship owners often cheat and steal oil and sell oil. In order to put an end to similar incidents and protect their own interests, charterers, especially charterers, need to conduct oil storage appraisal when they start and return charters. Some companies need to conduct oil storage appraisal even if they do not apply for ship condition appraisal. It is of great significance.

2. Basic principles of oil storage identification

The appraisal of oil storage must be based on the principles of justice, accuracy and consensus. Oil storage appraisal is related to the interests of Charterers and the reputation of appraisers and shipowners, so it must be fair and accurate. There are many factors that affect the identification of oil storage, such as trim, heel, oil temperature, density, temperature and so on. However, some ships adopt simple or complex calculation methods in daily calculation, so it is normal that the appraiser's results are different from the records in the logbook. In this case, the appraiser and the ship need to analyze and verify together, and if necessary, take secondary measurement and other means to ensure that the appraisal results are fair, reasonable and objective, and reach consensus. It should be emphasized that even if the appraisal result is beneficial to the applicant, he would not like to see the situation where the appraiser and the ship hold different opinions, so it is also one of the principles to be followed in the work to strive for consensus.

3. Be careful to prevent the ship from cheating

Although there are few cases of cheating by the ship owners, they all hope to get a favorable data. Therefore, before carrying out the work, the appraiser should be aware of the impact of various factors and conditions on the appraisal results. In case of oil storage appraisal, the influence of ship's draft, oil temperature, water temperature, cabin temperature, density and other factors on the result shall be taken into account to prevent the ship from biased data reporting. For example, when returning the Charter, the ship hopes that the smaller the appraisal data is, the better. The ship often reports the relevant temperature higher and the density lower, making the result smaller. Therefore, the appraiser shall carefully check or jointly measure with the ship to obtain the real data; in case of any space, the appraiser shall Tank, but also to measure, and many tanks even if the sounding is zero, there are still dead stock, need to be calculated.

4. Make good original records and make them reasonable

Detailed records shall be made during operation, such as water gauge in oil storage appraisal, height of measuring pipe, depth and temperature of lower ruler when measuring oil depth or space distance, etc. If there is any doubt in the measurement of a cabin, it is necessary to record it carefully, so as to check the relevant data and charts during the calculation, so as to ensure that we have a reasonable basis and convince people when discussing problems with all parties. With the integration of "three inspections" and the deepening of reform and opening up, we must improve the level of inspection and identification, and make due contributions to the development of entry-exit inspection and identification